Comparative Pharmacognostic Evaluation and Standardization of Root Extracts of Selected Ayurvedic Plants

Abstract

This review gives a detailed comparative pharmacognostical and phytochemical appraisal of the roots extracts of three Ayurvedic plants, which are of great significance viz. Withania somnifera, Plumbago zeylanica, and Asparagus racemosus with a view of their possible applications in veterinary sciences. By examining morphological, microscopic and chemical outlines in exceptional details, the study provides diagnostic points that are to be used to authenticate botanicals and avoid adulteration. The existence of therapeutically significant constituents withanolides, plumbagin, and shatavarins was confirmed with phytochemical screenings with ability to confer diverse biological effects including antistress (adaptogenic), immunomodulatory, digestive, and reproductive properties to animals. Several species of animals (cattle, goats, and poultry) are investigated in preclinical studies, proving the effectiveness of these roots as enhancing stress-resistance, digestion, reproductive health, and immunity. State-of-the-art level of standardisation procedures like TLC, HPTLC and physicochemical test guarantees consistency in formulations, safety and quality of formulations. Based on the review, there is a high concern in the need to incorporate these standardized herbal medicines into animal practice medicine, especially in peripheral regions where prescription medicines cannot be located or are unavailable. Nevertheless, there is also a need to emphasize the consideration of optimization of doses, toxicity and regulations to achieve safe and effective usages. The results open up to viable, effective, and natural solutions in the health of animals.